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5. Process Improvement
5.4. Analysis of DOE data

5.4.2.

How to "look" at DOE data

The importance of looking at the data with a wide array of plots or visual displays cannot be over stressed
 
 
 
 
 
 

Various ways of looking at the data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Explanation of normal or half normal plots to detect possible important effects
 

The right graphs, plots or visual displays of a dataset can uncover anomalies or provide insights that go beyond what most quantitative techniques are capable of discovering. Indeed, in the majority of cases, quantitative techniques and models are tools used to confirm and extend the conclusions an analyst has already formulated after carefully "looking" at the data 

Most software packages have a selection of different kinds of plots for displaying DOE data. DATAPLOT, in particular, has wide range of options for visualizing DOE (or DEX) data. Some of these useful ways of looking at data are mentioned below, with links to detailed explanations in Chapter 1 (Exploratory Data Analysis) or to other places where they are illustrated and explained. 
 

First "Look" at the Data 

Follow on Plots: Main Effects, Comparisons and 2-Way Interactions
    • Quantile-quantile (q-q) plot
    • Block plot
    • Box plot
    • Bi-histogram
    • DEX scatter plot
    • DEX mean plot
    • DEX standard deviation plot
    • DEX interaction plots
    • Effects normal or half normal probability plots  Note: these links show how to generate plots of normal (or half normal) data so as to obtain points that line up along a straight line, approximately, if they actually have the assumed normal (or half normal) distribution. For two level full factorial and fractional factorial experiments, the points plotted are the estimates of all the model effects, including possible interactions. Those effects that are really negligible should have estimates that resemble normally distributed noise, with mean zero and a constant variance. Significant effects can be picked out as the ones which do not line up along the straight line. Normal effect plots use the effect estimates directly, while half normal plots use the absolute values of the effect estimates. 
    • Youden plots
Model testing and Validation Model Predictions
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